Apoptosis in type 2 diabetic patients with micro vascular complications

Type 2 diabetes mellitus results from an inadequate adaptation of the functional pancreatic beta cell mass in the face of insulin resistance. Apoptosis is programmed cell death or cell suicide, it is an energy-requiring process that involves de novo protein synthesis. Apoptotic mechanisms could explain insulin deficiency through a reduction in absolute beta cell mass. This study was conducted on 49 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus from Internal Medicine Department, Kasr- El Aini hospital. They were classified into group A [10 patients] without micro vascular complications, group B [39 patients]with micro vascular complication [peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy and nephropathy] and 10 healthy persons served as control group[group C].All subjects were subjected to full Clinical assessment and routine laboratory investigations, 24 hours urinary albumin, ECG, fundus examination and quantitative assay of proapoptotic markers [Fas, FasL, and Bcl2 proteins] There was significant correlation behveen fasting blood glucose and Fas, FasL, and Bcl2 [P value

Fungal infection of the paranasal sinuses

This study was done on thirteen patients [nine males and four females] with fungal of paranasal sinuses [PNS]. Their ages ranged between 17-40 years. They were classified into three groups according to the site of the lesion. Group A included three patients with localized unilateral fungal granuloma affecting the anterior group of PNS, Group B included four patients with invasive fungal granuloma affecting anterior and posterior groups of PNS either unilateral or bilateral and Group C included six patients of invasive fungal granuloma of PNS with intraorbital and/or intracranial affection. Description of different methods for proper diagnosis of the fungal infection of PNS and the best method for its treatment were discussed. This study showed that radical surgical removal of the lesions combined with antifungal therapy were the most effective. The use of local antifungal and local instillation of honey is needed for some cases

Relationship between lipids, lipoprotein levels and urinary albuinm excretion in type II diabetic patients with stable metabolic control

30 [type 2] diabetic patients were chosen from Diabetic Outpatient Clinic who were categorized into 3 main groups according to urinary excretion of albumin [UAE] normo-albuminuric [n. 17-UAE < 20 mg/24 hours], micro-albuminuric [n. 7-UAE 30 - 300 mg/24 hours], macro- albuminuric [n. 6-UAE 300 mg/24 hours]. In all these patients serum- creatinine, and S. albumin concentration were in the normal range. 10 age and weight matched persons were taken as healthy control. The results of these study revealed alterations of serum triglycerides and lipoprotein triglycerides observed in diabetics, specifically low density lipoprotein triglycerides, towards high levels which were marked in those with increased UAE which may contribute to the excess of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy

Cryptosporidium, blastocystis hominis dientamoeba fragilis in acute diarrhea in Egypt

This study was conducted on 187 patients with acute diarrhea and 20 controls attending the out patient clinics of Abbaseya Fever Hospital and Kasr El Aini Hospital. They included both sexes and different age groups. This study has demonstrated the high frequency of protozoal infections [68/187] in acute diarrhea in different age groups. Giardiasis represented 13 percent and amoebiasis 8 percent, with even a higher frequency in non-diarrhoeic cases [35 percent]. As regards cryptosporidiosis it was detected in 4 percent of diarrheic patients and all cases were below 2 years of age with the exception of one patient aged 60 years. Blastocytis hominis was detected in a high frequency [16 percent], only 7 of them had pure infection with no other enteric pathogens. Dientamaeba fragilis show a low frequency of only 1 percent. The details of age predilection and clinical presentations of each of these parasites were also studied

Study of possible role of calcitonin in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer

Our study aimed to clarify the possible role of calcitonin in the pathogenesis of duodenal ulcer in relation to other factors such as serum calcium, phosphorus, gastrin, parathormone and gastric acidity. Serum calcitonin was significantly lower in all patients group when compared to controls. Serum calcitonin was also significantly lower in patients with high serum parathormone. Serum gastrin and parathormone showed significantly higher levels in different patient groups when compared to controls. Serum calcium was significantly higher in all patients, compared to controls. Furthermore, frank hypercalcaemia was elicited in 24 patients [31.1 percent], thus showing the increased incidence of hypercalcaemia in duodenal ulcer patients and that this is likely to predispose to the ulcer and its resistance to treatment. Study of titratable gastric acidity in our patients showed that it was significantly higher in all patients group and in patients not receiving treatment group, but did not differ significantly in patients resilient to treatment group, when compared to controls. It was also significantly higher in patents with high serum parathormone